Features of the detergent additive behavior in gasolines of different group composition

Features of the detergent additive behavior in gasolines of different group composition

Engineering Journal: Science and Innovation

# 11·2017

Features of the detergent additive behavior

in gasolines of different group composition

, Yu.V. Galyshev

, A.B. Zaytsev

, S.V. Butorov

St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia

LLC “Gazpromneft-Razvitie”, St. Petersburg, 197198, Russia

To solve the problem of improving the quality of fuels used in internal combustion engines, a

comprehensive approach is proposed, which includes the use of additives to gasoline, increas-

ing the detergent properties in parallel with completeness of fuel combustion. The results of

laboratory studies of present-day gasolines as well as the results of motor-bench tests of a

gasoline injection engine when it operates on gasolines of various group and oxygenate com-

positions, including those containing detergent additives and a combustion activator are pre-

sented. The relation of the group and oxygenate gasoline compositions, concentration of the

introduced additive with the technical, economic and environmental characteristics of the

gasoline engine is considered. The optimum concentration of multifunctional additive intro-

duction into gasolines of different group composition is determined. It is shown that the effi-

ciency of the additive deteriorates with increasing content of oxygenates.

Keywords:

gasoline, group composition, oxygenates, detergent additives, combustion

activators, motor-bench tests, carbonization, exhaust toxicity

Modern branded motor gasoline almost always contains in composition

the detergent additives. The purpose of these additives is to reduce the

level of deposits in the fuel system, the intake channels and on the intake

valves, in the combustion chamber of the engine [1–6].

Often the detergent is combined with the additive-activator of fuel

burning, the objective of which is to increase the speed and completeness

of fuel combustion in the engine. The activator of burning enhances the

action of detergent additives by activating a “hot” cleaning the combustion

chamber — temperature destruction of solid soot deposits on the fire on

the surface of the cylinder head and pistons. Thereby improving combus-

tion of the fuel-air mixture departs the threshold of detonation in the en-

gine, reduced the risk of pre-ignition. An important factor in the use of

gasoline containing a comprehensive package of additives is the decrease

in the rate of contamination of the active zone of the catalyst system to

suppress the toxicity of exhaust gases, therefore, extending their service

life [5, 6]. In addition, the increase in the speed and completeness of com-

bustion of fuel contribute to the increase of capacity and decrease in fuel

consumption of the engine [5, 6].

A comprehensive additive package gasoline performs two interrelated

functions. First, improving the quality of fuel combustion contributes to a

reduction in the tendency of the fuel to the formation of deposits. Combus-

tion occurs with the formation of lesser amounts of soot deposits, which