A serious challenge to the development of the domestic civil aviation is increasing pressure on the Russian industry in the form of Western economic sanctions that limit imports of assemblies and components required for production. Under these circumstances, the most important direction of industrial policy is the import substitution combined with innovations development, implying the use of new technologies in production and management to enhance the competitiveness of domestic aircraft companies. The paper studies the business case of "United Aircraft Corporation" and analyzes the problems of development and production of domestic civil aircraft in the situation of substitution of imported units and components. Some propositions are made regarding the formation of industrial cooperation of leading domestic aircraft companies to develop a new aircraft with a high degree of composite materials implementation in its design.