The paper deals with the problem of using prototyping in developing rocket and space technology products and their production systems as one of the components of the “Prototyping, manufacturing, testing of rocket and space technology products” field within the formation of an end-to-end design and production and experimental environment. The study shows the role of the prototyping technology in the system of model-based development of both the products themselves and their production systems; gives the theoretical basis and characteristics of the area of application of prototyping methods at the initial stages of design; demonstrates methodical approaches to choosing the subject of prototyping and the procedure for working with it for launch vehicles and spacecraft within the framework of students’ work on the development of rocket and space systems for space missions. We analyzed and introduced the experience of using the technology in the educational process and identified next stages for developing and implementing prototyping tools to further implement the end-to-end prototyping technology in solving practical problems of the rocket and space industry.