ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
170
(ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɱɭɠɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ),
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
1, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,
(
),
n i m n i m
n i m n i m i m n i m
P
P
t P I
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
G
V
'
ɝɞɟ
, , ,
n i m
P
D
G
— ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ ɢ ɭɛɵɬɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɜɫɥɟɞ-
ɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɮɨɧ-
ɞɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ
ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ, ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ
ɩɨɬɟɪɶ;
, , ,
n i m
I
D
— ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ (ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ);
, ,
i m
D
V
— ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ.
Ɉɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɱɢɬɵ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɟɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɸ
i
-ɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ
29
,0,
0
i m
m
Y
¦
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢ-
ɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ
, ,
,
i m
I
D
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ .
i
Z
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
i
-ɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ɂɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ
ɞɥɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ,
ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ. Ɂɚɩɚɫɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
ȼɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨ-
ɧɨɦɢɤɢ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ: ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚ «ɫɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ» ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ Ɉɫɢɩɨɜɚ—Ʌɚɧɱɟɫɬɟɪɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ. əɞɟɪɧɵɦ ɨɪɭɠɢɟɦ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ Ƚ ɢ Ʉ, ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ȼ ɫɚɦɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɟ
ɨɪɭɠɢɟ (ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ Ƚ ɢɥɢ Ʉ ɟɣ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨ).
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɛɥɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧ-
ɮɥɢɤɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ. ɏɚɪɚɤ-
ɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢ-
ɧɢɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɡɚɯɜɚɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɮɨɧɞɚɦɢ. ɋɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɜɨ-