ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
160
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ:
x
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ ɢ ɢɫɤɚɠɟ-
ɧɢɣ;
x
ɡɚɫɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ (ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ);
x
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ (ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬ, ɫɞɜɢɝ,
ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ);
x
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ.
ɂɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ.
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɨɫɧɨ-
ɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ, ɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ,
ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɂɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ: ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ,
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟ-
ɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ
ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɞ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ. Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɦɨ-
ɞɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɭ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɛɨɪɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ.
ɂɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɵɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ
ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɧ-
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ.
ɂɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɟɤ-
ɬɨɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ [2]:
( )
( ) ,
I f
I T f
G
GG
ɝɞɟ
I
—
ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ;
f
G
—
ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ;
T G
˜ 
G
—
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ
G
.
Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɣ
ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ:
1.
ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɬ. ɟ. ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ
ɬɨɱɟɤ.
2.
Ƚɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ
(
ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ).