ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
111
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7. ɗɤɫɩɟ-
ɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɵɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɭɸ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɥɢɬɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ
e
q
,
0
p
c
,
e
u
.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
D
ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ
0
p
c
ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨ-
ɬɨɤɚ
e
q
,
ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
0
p
c
,
e
u
,
Re
ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ
e
q
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɦ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
t
.
Ɋɢɫ. 7. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɤɨ-
ɪɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ:
1
—
ɝɚɡɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ;
2
—
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ;
3
—
ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ
ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ;
4
,
5
—
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ;
6
—
ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ;
7
—
ɡɨɧɚ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ;
8
—
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɝɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
x
ɋ ɟ ɪ ɢ ɹ 1:
0
p
c
|
(0,05…0,1)
˜
10
5
ɉɚ,
e
q
2
0 1...1 5
Ɇȼɬ ɦ ,
|
e
u
|
30...80
ɦ ɫ,
|
Re
5
10 ,
|
t
100
ɫ
|
.
x
ɋ ɟ ɪ ɢ ɹ 2:
0
p
c
5
(0 4...0 6) 10
ɉɚ,
|
˜
e
q
2
0 5...1 5
Ɇȼɬ ɦ ,
|
e
u
|
150...200
ɦ ɫ,
|
Re
5
3 10 ,
| ˜
t
20
ɫ.
|
x
ɋ ɟ ɪ ɢ ɹ 3:
0
p
c
5
(0 8...1 0) 10
ɉɚ,
|
˜
e
q
2
0 7...2 0
Ɇȼɬ ɦ ,
|
e
u
|
200...290
ɦ ɫ,
|
Re
5
7 10 ,
| ˜
t
10
ɫ.
|
ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɟɪɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɛɟɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɛɵɥ ɞɨ-
ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɵɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ-
ɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ.
Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɤɨ-
ɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
e
u
ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ
0
p
c
ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭ-
ɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɟɪɢɹɯ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6,
ɚ
ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɩɥɨ-
ɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ:
e
q
= 0,75, 1,0 ɢ 1,5
2
Ɇȼɬ ɦ .
ȼ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɟɪɢɢ 1 ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɥ ɞɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ
ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ȼɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɚ-