ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
109
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
i
f
e
D D D
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ (ɬ. ɟ.
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
0
p
,
0
p
c
),
ɜɢɞɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ (ɬ. ɟ. ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɝɚ-
ɡɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ
K
),
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
V
ɢ ɞɪ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɢɥɨɤɫɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟ-
ɡɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ 20 %, ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
100
K
ɫ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜ-
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ
g
p
ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɚɥɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
i
D
.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ
ɪɢɫ. 4, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ
( ) /
f
w w
D
T
T
w
w
ɞɥɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
w
T
ɛɨɥɶ-
ɲɟ, ɱɟɦ
/
e
w
D
T
w w
.
ɗɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
w
T
(
ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
e
q
)
ɫɜɨɛɨɞ-
ɧɨɟ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɦ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
,
,
i
f
e
D D D
ɢ
D
ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ
0
p
c
ɞɥɹ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚ-
ɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
2
0 75
Ɇȼɬ ɦ
e
q
.
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
i
D
ɢ
f
D
ɧɟ ɡɚ-
ɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ
0
p
c
,
ɚ
e
D
ɢ
D
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ
0
p
c
.
Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
f
D
,
i
D
ɢ
e
D
ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɪɚ
c
0
p
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɢɥɨɤɫɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɭɱɭɤɚ ɩɪɢ
e
q
=
0,75
Ɇȼɬ/ɦ
2
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 6 ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫ-
ɬɢ
D
ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
H
ɫ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ (ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɦ. ɞɚɥɟɟ). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɞɥɹ
D
ɢ
H
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɪɚ-
ɮɢɤɨɜ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹ-
ɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ.