ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
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ɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ. ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɢ-
ɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɢ-
ɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɧɭɫɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɩɪɢɜɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ, ɢ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɧɭɫɚ, ɩɪɢɜɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɫɥɨɸ.
Ⱦɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ
ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ — ɷɥɥɢɩɫɨɢɞ ɫ ɝɥɚɜɧɵ-
ɦɢ ɨɫɹɦɢ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ ɞɟɤɚɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪ-
ɞɢɧɚɬ, ɞɜɟ ɨɫɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɹɦ
ɬɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. Ⱦɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɢ ɷɥɥɢɩɫɨɢɞɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɜ-
ɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɤɪɭɝɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɦɹ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 3): ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ
h
(
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɫɢɦɦɟɬ-
ɪɢɢ ɷɥɥɢɩɫɨɢɞɚ), ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ
P
(
ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɨɫɶ ɷɥ-
ɥɢɩɫɨɢɞɚ) ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ
z
(
ɦɚɥɚɹ ɨɫɶ ɷɥɥɢɩɫɨɢɞɚ).
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤ-
ɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɦ
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ.
ɉɭɫɬɶ
:
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ,
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ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
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Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
ɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɟɫɬɚ-
ɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ:
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