Creation, design improvement, development prospect of vehicles for liquid hydrogen
Authors: Cheremnykh O.Ya.
Published in issue: #3(63)/2017
DOI: 10.18698/2308-6033-2017-3-1602
Category: Power, Metallurgic and Chemical Engineering | Chapter: Machines and Devices, Processes of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Air Conditioning
The study reports on the hydrogen transport products development on the basis of analysis of previously created structures for transporting liquid hydrogen to implement modern promising hydrogen technologies used in the rocket, space, marine and other industries. In the research we looked for optimal solutions in choosing thermal insulation of transport products for liquid hydrogen. We opted for screen-powder-vacuum heat insulation and justified this choice, as well as the amount of vacuum in the tank interstitial space per the amount of hydrogen losses in the transport product. The analysis of liquid hydrogen purity during transportation made it possible to identify the main impurities and to assess the change of their concentration in hydrogen during transportation. We also made the choice of criteria for technological operations ensuring the preservation of liquid hydrogen quality in a transport tank. According to findings of these studies, we suggest a technological operation of "draining off" hydrogen at the rocket-space complex without tank pressurizing from an extraneous source of pressurizing gas, using only its "pure " hydrogen vapor. The work is the first to present the results of experimental studies on the effects of vacuum loss in a tank on the full-scale sample of a hydrogen tank of the ZhVTS-100M model in the emergency situation. Based on these studies, it was possible to justify the choice of material and the construction of the cryogenic transport tank shell with respect to the tank itself, as well as to ensure the protection against the tank undercarriage damage in case of vacuum loss in the emergency situation. The presented recommendations formed the basis for designing the majority of transport cryogenic products for transportation of liquefied (cryogenic) gases: oxygen, nitrogen, argon, liquefied natural gas. The study is the first to give the description and technical characteristics of a prospective transport product - container-tank for liquid hydrogen for multimodal transportations.
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