ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
183
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɫɨ-
ɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɫɟɬɤɚ ɜɢɞɚ (22) ɫ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɭɡɥɨɜ.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɨ-
ɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɫɟɬɤɢ ɫɨ-
ɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɣɧ, ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ (18).
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (18) ɧɚɡɵ-
ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɟɣ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 3,
ɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɨ-
ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɩɩɪɨɤ-
ɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ, ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɚɜɲɚɹ ɫ
4
10
m
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜ ɧɚɛɨɪɟ
(20),
ɫ 5%-ɧɨɣ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɵɛɨ-
ɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ (21) ɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɫɟɬɤɨɣ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
10
N
ɢ
100.
n
ɉɪɢ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɫɟɬɤɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɩɚɪɚ-
ɦɟɬɪɵ
5
N
ɢ
30
n
.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚ-
ɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3,
ɛ.
ɚ ɛ
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ (
ɚ
)
ɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɮɟɪɢ-
ɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɥɚɣɧɨɦ (
ɛ
)
.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚ-
ɸɳɟɣ ɡɜɟɡɞɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɟɜɤɥɢɞɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɷɤɫɩɟ-
ɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ, ɧɨ ɧɟɢɡɜɟ-
ɫɬɟɧ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɜɟɡɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ
ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɩɥɚɣɧ, ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɟ-
ɬɨɞɨɦ.
Ɍɚɤɭɸ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɧɧɨɣ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ-