ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
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ɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ [11] ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɤɟ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɞɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ.
ɑɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɨ-
ɹɧɧɨɣ.
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɨ-
ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ [12] ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ-
ɬɭɪɚ — ɚɥɶɛɟɞɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɤ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦ ɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ. ȼ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɨ
ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ (ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ) ɧɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɨ-
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜ-
ɲɢɣɫɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨ-
ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ: 0,950S
0
,
0,947
S
0
ɢ 0,946S
0
,
ɝɞɟ S
0
—
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɨ-
ɹɧɧɨɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ
ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ (ɷɬɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ). ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4 ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭ-
ɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ 1, 2 ɢ 3.
ɚ ɛ
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ (
ɚ
)
ɢ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɥɶɞɨɦ (
ɛ
),
ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ
Ɍɚɤ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ 1 ɢ 2
ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 8 ɢ –6
q
ɋ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
(
ɪɢɫ. 4,
ɚ
).
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɚɩɚ 3 ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɨ –10
q
ɋ ɩɪɨɢɫ-
ɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ 50 ɥɟɬ ɞɨ ɡɧɚ-
ɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ –50
q
ɋ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ (ɢɥɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬ-
ɫɹ) ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɨɥɟɞɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4,
ɛ
ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ (ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɹɱɟɟɤ) ɜ ɡɚɜɢ-
ɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ