ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
99
ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɫɢɥɨɤɫɚɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɡɢɧɵ
f
D
= 0,2 ɦɦ/ɫ,
h
D
|
4
ɦɦ/ɫ, ɬ. ɟ.
,
f
h
D D
d
ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ (1) ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɪɚɜ-
ɞɚɧɧɨ).
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
f
D
.
ɋɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɲ-
ɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1). ɗɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɟɜɵɯ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɜɭɯɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɨ-
ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
1 2
1 2
0
0
0
1/2
0
exp
2
1
exp
a
a
a
f
f
a
a
a w
w
E
R
p
p
E
w
D D
p
p
R
P
T
P
T
T
T
§
·
¨
¸
¨
¸
ª
º
§ ·
§
·
©
¹
«
»
¨ ¸
¨
¸
«
»
© ¹
©
¹
¬
¼
0
0
a
f
a
p
D
R
U
T P
ɝɞɟ
, ,
a
E
P U
—
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ;
0
, ,
a
a
R p
T
—
ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟ-
ɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ:
1
—
ɩɥɚɦɹ;
2
—
ɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ;
3
—
ɡɨɧɚ ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ;
4
—
ɝɚɡ;
5
—
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨ-
ɪɟɧɢɹ (ɝɚɡɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ);
6
—
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟ
0
(
)
exp 2 /(
) 1
a
a
w
p p
E R
P
T
ɩɪɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɦɚ-
ɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ (4) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
(4)