ISSN 1812-3368. ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ. ɇ.ɗ. Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ. ɋɟɪ. «ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ». 2012
40
ɇɢɠɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ
( )
l
ȡ lj .
1.
ɉɪɢ
0
W
W
!
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ:
0
( )
( )
l
l
U W
U W
!
.
(9)
ȼ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɚɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (7) ɩɨɥɨɠɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɚ, ɬɨ
( ) 0.
l
U W
W
w
!
w
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ( )
l
U W
ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
W
ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ, ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ (9).
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɡɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ( )
l
U W
ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɟ-
ɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
0
,
W
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ
ɫɪɨɤ.
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɡ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ (9) ɩɪɢ
0
W
!
ɢɦɟɟɦ
( )
(0),
l
l
U W
U
!
ɝɞɟ (0)
l
U
—
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɛɟɡɨɬɤɚɡɧɚɹ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɌɈɈ ɧɚ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
(0, ) :
l
0
(0)
( ) .
l
l
P t dt
U
³
2.
Ⱦɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
0
l l
!
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ:
0
( )
( ).
l
l
U W
U W
!
(10)
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ (10) ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ (3).
Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ (9) ɢ (10) ɧɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢ-
ɜɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɞɨ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ.
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɫɢɦɩɬɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ( )
l
ȡ lj .
1.
ɋɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ:
lim ( )
( ),
l
l
R
U W
W
W
of
ɝɞɟ ( )
R
W
]
W
]
W
!
—
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɫɜɟɪɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
,
W
ɪɚɜɧɵɣ [1]:
1
( )
( ) .
( )
R
P t dt
P
W
W
W
f
³
(11)